WEBVTT Kind: captions; Language: fi

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This video will focus on the very
basic of sustainable development.

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I'm going to cover topics such as the
global environmental and social challenges,

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sustainable development goals and then I
will explain how sustainable development is

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vital for the companies.

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I will start by explaining
what kind of environmental

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challenges we have in the world today.

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Probably, the two major concerns are
climate change and loss of biodiversity.

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We have seen in the news
during the summer time

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information about the heat waves all
over the world, storms and droughts and

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forest fires, which most likely are
connected with the climate change.

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There are already companies that
are starting to address the issue

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of climate change and
climate change mitigation.

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I will give you some
examples of that during

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my videos.

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Loss of biodiversity is another major
environmental concern at the moment.

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And this is something that
companies are, just

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about, starting to to get familiar with.

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They are starting to figure out that what
kind of an impact on the biodiversity,

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and especially on the biodiversity
loss their operations are causing.

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Mainly the biodiversity issues
deal with the land use.

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So what do we use the land,

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Do we a have forest or
even rainforest there?

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Or are we building infrastructure
or factories in that area?

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Pollution is also a major
concern in many areas. Pollution

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can be pollution to air, water or land.

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Then in general we are using the
resources, so the raw material in extensive

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amounts and some of the resources
are scarce at the moment.

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And then there are scientists that are
worried about the planet's carrying capacity.

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I personally don't believe that we
as humans can really destroy the

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planet, but it seems that we
are we are able to make it

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not as nice place for
us as humans to live on.

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Then there are also the social challenges,
and they mainly deal with the injustice

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and inequity in, for example, how the
economic wealth is distributed in the world,

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how the environmental are problems
are distributed in the world.

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Also, they deal with health
issues, gender and education.

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Some major concerns in this area
are the very basic human rights

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that the food insecurity,
that deals with,

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for example, the issue that do we use
the raw material to produce food or do we

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use that as fuels to produce
electricity or energy in general.

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Then we have examples of different types of
conflicts, even wars around the world and then

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also the falling political systems will cause
problems in the social issues. And also globalization

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is one source of injustice
and inequity in the world.

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We, persons living in the Western
world, have really benefited

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from globalization, but then again

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people living in the global South,
they have or they are bearing

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the consequences of globalization.

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To address these concerns,
United Nations have created

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the Sustainable Development Goals.

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There are altogether 17 goals,
which then are further divided

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into sub-themes and even to indicators.

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There are much more material in the Moodle
page on the Sustainable Development Goals,

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and I'm also going to mention
these in my other videos as well.

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Basically these are goals for
countries or regions to apply

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the thing that how they will address the,

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for example, the first
one the 'No poverty' goal.

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But then again, there are also companies
that are starting to address these

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and they think or have started to think
that how their operations will affect,

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for example, the number 13 'Climate action'.

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And I'm actually also going to give examples
of those, the company examples, during

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the videos. And also our studies in
corporate environmental management, we have

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listed that how our
courses affect these goals.

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And then there is the question
that how does sustainable

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development relate
with business practises?

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I have gathered in these slides
some ideas what the development, how

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different researchers or
organizations have seen that.

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What is the responsibility of a company?

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Quite often said,

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first mention on this topic is the
Milton Friedman's phrase that "Social

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responsibility of business
is to increase its profits."

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Basically meaning that companies just
needs to focus on making money, and

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other than that it isn't
really a concern of the company.

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This view has been challenged quite so many
times afterwards, and for example, there is

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the Stakeholder Theory that says that
companies serve the interest of stakeholders.

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Why kind of we are talking about stakeholders
is that the Milton Friedman's view focuses mainly

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on the shareholders, the owners of the companies.
And then the stakeholder view makes the group

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of persons that are interested of
the company's performance much larger.

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Then there was a book called 'Walking
the Talk' which says that company

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needs to be run in the best interest
of the human society and the natural

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environment, both now and in the future.

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This brings the natural environment
into the discussion that we don't, 

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or the companies should not only focus on
the persons or group of persons around them,

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but also to focus on the nature
and to think about that effect

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what a company is having on the environment.

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And also that they shouldn't just
focus on the current action, but

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to think that what kind of 
future legacy or future impact

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is that company or the
whole industry causing.

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And then my last point here is
about who should solve or be part of the

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solution of the global
challenges what we have?

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It says that as the companies have
contributed or are a major source of

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the problems, they should
also be part of the solution.

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There are quite a many companies that take
sustainable development or sustainable

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business very seriously and they have
found solutions how to solve or at least

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be a part of the solution
of the global challenges.

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But then again, there are quite many companies
still that don't really really focus too

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much on sustainable development
and the challenges that

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what we have in the world at the moment.